Avtor VB | Foto: stock.adobe.com 4:41 pop OKOLJE

Škropiva (FFS) niso nedolžna: vsaka napačna uporaba udari po čebelah – in nazaj po nas

Uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev (FFS) je odločitev z neposrednimi posledicami za zdravje ljudi, živali in celotnega ekosistema.

Kot ponovno opozarjajo stroka, čebelarji in država: napačna raba FFS ne škodi le naravi – dolgoročno škodi tudi pridelavi hrane.

Kemična zaščita rastlin naj bo zadnja možnost, ne prva. Praksa kaže, da lahko s pravilnim pristopom bistveno zmanjšamo potrebo po FFS.

Med najbolj učinkovitimi pristopi so:

  • mehanski in fizikalni ukrepi,
  • biotehnične metode (npr. feromoni),
  • uporaba koristnih organizmov,
  • pripravki na osnovi mikroorganizmov in rastlinskih izvlečkov,
  • sredstva, dovoljena v ekološki pridelavi.

Tak pristop ni ideal, ampak standard, ki ga vse bolj podpirajo tudi strokovne smernice.

»Prednost morajo imeti metode z nizkim tveganjem, ki zmanjšujejo vpliv na okolje.«

Čebele so prva žrtev

Čebele so temelj stabilne pridelave hrane. Največja napaka? Škropljenje ob napačnem času in na napačen način.

Ključna pravila, kot jih navaja Uprava Republike Slovenije za varno hrano, veterinarstvo in varstvo rastlin:

  1. cvetoče rastline morajo biti pred škropljenjem odstranjene,
  2. nevarna sistemična sredstva so med cvetenjem prepovedana,
  3. kontaktna sredstva so dovoljena le ponoči,
  4. preprečiti je treba zanašanje škropiva na sosednje površine,
  5. škropiva ne smejo priti v stik z vodnimi viri.

O tem, zakaj so opraševalci ključni za prehransko varnost, pišemo tule

Problem ni le uporaba … Ampak način uporabe

Veliko škode ne nastane zaradi neznanja, ampak zaradi podcenjevanja pravil. Embalaža, čiščenje opreme, priprava škropiva – vse to so točke, kjer se dela največ napak.

Če nekemične metode ne zadostujejo, je uporaba sredstev sicer dovoljena. A le ob doslednem upoštevanju navodil.

Širši kontekst vplivov kemikalij na okolje:

Uprava Republike Slovenije za varno hrano, veterinarstvo in varstvo rastlin opozarja:

  • kemična sredstva so zadnja izbira, ne prva
  • čas uporabe je enako pomemben kot izbira sredstva
  • čebele so temelj sistema
  • napake pri ravnanju (embalaža, spiranje, priprava) imajo realne posledice
  • odgovornost ni le na kmetih – tudi na uporabnikih v vrtovih

To je opozorilo, da napačne odločitve v kmetijstvu ne ostanejo na polju. Pridejo nazaj – na krožnik.

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