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Samooskrba: Kako sami pridelamo seme brokolija in cvetače?

Društvo Samooskrbni.net je pripravilo predavanje o tem, kako sami vzgojimo semena brokolija in cvetače.

Seme ohrani kaljivost šest let in več, v steklenem kozarcu na čim bolj konstantni temperaturi.

Na rastlini kapusnic najdemo tako ženske kot moške spolne organe, a so večinoma samosterilni, kar pomeni, da je nujno, da eno rastlino opraši cvetni prah iz druge rastline. Za kakovostno opraševanje in da se ne izrodi genski material, potrebujemo 8 do 10 rastlin.

Da bi preprečili križanje med kapusnicami, je najbolje uporabljati zaščito – protiinsektne mreže, s katerimi pokrijemo rastline, noter pa ustavimo opraševalce ali izmenično odpiramo, da en dan pridejo opraševalci samo na brokoli in naslednji na cvetačo.

Za seme so potrebne zdrave rastline

Brokoli in cvetačo lahko semenimo že v prvem letu, za ta namen jih sejemo januarja ali februarja – brokoli na dan za cvet, cvetačo pa na dan za list. Marca ali aprila jih presadimo in zavarujemo pred ekstremnimi temperaturami. Semenimo jih med poletjem, da do konec leta dobimo seme.

Rastline za semenitev pozorno spremljamo. Rastlina, ki ni naredila značilne glavice in je takoj ušla v cvet, je zelo slaba kandidatka za seme, ker bo to lastnost prenesla na naslednje rodove. Za vse rastline velja, da je najboljše seme tisto, ki zraste na glavnem steblu.

Pobiranje in shranjevanje semen

Ker so rastline velike, je pomembno, da jih pravočasno privežemo, da se ne zlomijo. Ko dobijo suho rumeno barvo in se prvi stroki začnejo odpirati že pri rahlem dotiku, je skrajni čas da začnemo semena pobirati. Zrele vejice za semena brokolija pobiramo na dan za cvet, cvetačo pa na dan za list.

Drugi način pa je, da celo rastlino odrežemo in jo posušimo v suhem in prepišnem prostoru ter pustimo, da semena dozorijo do konca. To drugo metodo uporabimo takrat, ko vreme ne omogoča, da bi rastline na vrtu v miru dozorele. Ko se stroki začnejo odpirati, je čas, da semena začnemo pobirati. Da se stroki odprejo, si lahko pomagamo tako, da vejice položimo na rjuho in jih potolčemo s kuhinjskim valjarjem ali vse skupaj prestavimo na travo in jih pohodimo.

Pri čiščenju semen si lahko pomagamo z različnih siti. Pri finem čiščenju pa nam lahko pomaga veter ali sušilnik za lase. Semena kapusnic so si zelo podobna, zato si takoj označite, za katero sorto gre in jih shranite – najbolje v steklen kozarec.

Vir: Samooskrbni.net: Društvo za celostno samooskrbo

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