Avtor IF 10:22 dop ZANIMIVO

Poznate to samoniklo travniško in gozdno rastlino s pikantnim okusom?

Penuše so zaradi pikantnega okuse ene izmed bolj zanimivih samoniklih rastlin. Uspevajo tako na vrtu kot travniku in v gozdu. Za mnoge predstavljajo nadležen plevel, sladokusci pa rastlino z veseljem dodajajo različnim jedem.

Pri nas uspeva devet vrst penuš in vse so užitne, le nekatere so trše in manj okusne ali celo rahlo grenijo. Nekatere vrste so nekoč celo gojili.

Rastlina zraste tudi do pol metra visoko. Cvetovi s po štirimi cvetnimi listi, kar je značilnost križnic, so razporejeni v socvetju na zgornjem delu rastline. Pojavljajo se do junija.

Penuše je najlažje prepoznati prav v času cvetenja, saj se ponašajo z belimi ali rožnatimi cvetovi, ki rastejo v obliki socvetja na dolgih steblih. Niso dolgo obstojni, saj tudi v hladilniku hitro ovenijo. Zato jih je najbolje nabirati vsak dan sproti.

Najlažje je najti travniške penuše (Cardamine pratensis), ki s cvetovi pobelijo travnike že aprila. Dlakava penuša (Cardamine hirsuta) ima malo ponesrečeno ime, saj drobnih dlak sploh ne opazimo niti ne okusimo. Grenka penuša (Cardamine amara) uspeva predvsem ob potokih in zamočvirjenih travnikih.

Vsestranska uporaba penuš

Poleg cvetov so uporabni tudi mladi poganjki in rozete s pernato deljenimi listi, ter drobni zeleni plodovi podobni luskam. Pikanten okus spominja na vodno krešo, rukulo ali celo hren.

Zato rastline običajno ne pripravljamo v večjih količinah, temveč jo dodajamo različnim jedem. Z blago pikantnim okusom se obnesejo v solatah, jogurtovih prelivih, namazih s skuto ali tofujem, smutijih ali pa jih potresemo za okras po katerikoli jedi, tudi juhah. Večja socvetja lahko celo ocvremo.

Penuše vsebujejo veliko vitamina C, eterična olja, grenčine, rudnine. V ljudskem zdravilstvu jo uporabljajo za pripravo pomladanskih vitaminskih jedi in čiščenje krvi, čaj pomaga tudi za lajšanje bolečin in krčev.

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