6:31 pop• OKOLJE

Kako kmetijstvo povzroča izgubo in degradacijo habitatov za ptice?

Peta izdaja poročila Stanje ptic sveta (State of the World’s Birds), med drugim predstavi tudi človeške dejavnosti, ki ogrožajo ptice po vsem svetu.

Kmetijstvo po svetu ogroža ptice bolj kot katera koli druga človeška dejavnost.

Skoraj 40 % zemeljske kopenske površine je kmetijskih površin in te se še naprej širijo, saj je treba zagotoviti hrano in gorivo za naraščajočo človeško populacijo. Prav tako narašča intenzifikacija kmetijstva – od leta 1960 se je uporaba pesticidov na svetovni ravni podvojila, uporaba gnojil potrojila, gostota goveda pa se je povečalo za 20 %.

Nekatere vrste ptic uspevajo na kmetijskih zemljiščih, a kmetijska intenzifikacija zmanjša primernost teh habitatov za ptice in druge divje živali.

Ptice ogroža uporaba pesticidov, pomanjkanje hrane in izguba habitatov

Vrste ptic, ki so kakorkoli vezane na kmetijske površine (gnezdenje, hranjenje) ogrožajo uporaba pesticidov in gnojil, ki posledično vplivajo na zmanjšano količino hrane in izgubo habitata za življenje.

• V Južni Ameriki se na račun izsekavanja tropskega gozda ustvarjajo pašniki za govedo ter polja za sladkorni trs in sojo.
• Med 18-letno študijo se je v Kostariki število endemičnih vrst ptic zmanjšalo na območjih intenzivnega kmetijstva, medtem ko se ni bistveno spremenilo na območjih ekstenzivnega kmetijstva ali naravnega gozda.
• V Severni Ameriki je kar 74 % vrst ptic, ki živijo na kmetijskih zemljiščih, utrpelo hud padec v številu populacij med obdobjem 1966-2013, ki sovpada z obdobjem hitre intenzifikacije kmetijskih praks.
• V Evropi so zabeležili upad 57 % vrst ptic, ki so vezane na kmetijska zemljišča, od leta 1980.

Več o pticah na našem portalu: Svet ptic

Vir: Poročilo Stanje ptic

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