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Svet ptic: Čebelar, ena najlepše obarvanih ptic pri nas

Običajno se konec aprila vrne iz prezimovanja eden naših najbolj pisanih ptičev – čebelar. V najstarejši kontinuirani gnezdilni koloniji v peskokopu Župjek pri Bizeljskem ga opazujejo že vse od leta 1985.

Čebelar (Merops apiaster) je dobil ime po načinu prehranjevanja, saj jé čebele, kačje pastirje, metulje, hrošče in škržate.

Da se izogne piku nevarnega plena, ga zagrabi s konico svojega dolgega kljuna. Velikost njegovega telesa je od 27 do 29 cm, razpon pisanih peruti pa ima od 44 do 49 cm.

V Sloveniji gnezdi do 150 parov letno

Čebelarji so v toplejšem delu leta poleg Bizeljskega tudi na obrežju reke Reka, ob Muri, na Goričkem, na robu Krakovskega gozda, v gramoznicah Krško-brežiškega polja, ob Savi pri Ljubljani, v Halozah, vendar v manjših in nestalnih kolonijah. Po ocenah Društva za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije letno gnezdi v Sloveniji med 40 in 150 parov. Za gnezdenje čebelar potrebuje primerne lokacije odkopne stene gramoznic ter manjše vertikalne stene, ki so nastale zaradi urejanja teras pri vinogradih, ali nastanku cestnih usekov.

Čebelarja ogroža pomanjkanje hrane in gnezdilnih sten

Po vrnitvi konec aprila, par izkoplje v vertikalne stene 1 do 2 m dolge gnezdilne rove. Če se stari gnezdilni rovi niso v njihovi odsotnosti porušili se naseli kar vanje. Konec maja začnejo z valjenjem, ki traja 24 dni, čemur sledi intenzivno hranjenje mladičev. Hrano iščejo ob nižinskih rekah. Konec julija pa družine z mladiči že odletijo in se ob vodotokih pomikajo proti tropski Afriki, kjer prezimijo. V Sloveniji in EU je čebelar ogrožena vrsta, predvsem zaradi pomanjkanja primernih gnezdilnih sten in hrane.

Vir: Kozjanski park

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