Avtor rb; foto: adobestock 12:27 pop OKOLJE

Smo ljudje pripeljali do izumrtja več kot 100.000 vrst?

Po Rdečem seznamu Mednarodne zveze za ohranjanje narave (IUCN) je od začetka moderne dobe (od leta 1500) izumrlo 777 vrst.

Do nekaterih izumrtij je prišlo zaradi naravnih vzrokov. Vpliv človeka pa je še poslabšal razmere za mnoge ranljive vrste. Toda ker ne poznamo vseh bitij na planetu, se zdi število majhno, zaradi česar se mnogi znanstveniki sprašujejo: koliko živalskih vrst so ljudje dejansko pripeljali do izumrtja?

Natančno število izumrlih vrst je težko določiti. Rdeči seznam IUCN se začne šele leta 1500, saj so takrat znanstveniki in akademiki začeli beležiti izginotje živali. Celo zdaj, z najsodobnejšo tehnologijo in temeljitimi biološkimi študijami, je še vedno težko količinsko opredeliti, koliko vrst je izumrlo v zadnjih stoletjih.

Poleg tega je IUCN ocenil samo tveganje izumrtja približno 5 % znanih vrst. To neizogibno poveča število živali, ki so morda izumrle, ne da bi kdo opazil.

Kako so izračunali stopnjo izumrtja?

Najprej so pregledali vzorec 200 vrst kopenskih polžev in s pomočjo predhodnih znanstvenih študij ugotovili, koliko polžev je izumrlo. Nato so podatke ekstrapolirali na vse znane vrste in izračunali število izumrtij, če bi vse znane vrste dosledno utrpele podobno stopnjo izumrtja v 500 letih. To jih je pripeljalo do ocene 150 do 260 izumrtij na leto za vsak milijon vrst na Zemlji.

Vendar pa so po ogledu drugih skupin prostoživečih živali – dvoživke in ptice, številke zelo nihale. Zato so ocenili 100 izumrtij na leto za vsak milijon vrst na planetu. Kar pomeni, da je 100.000 od približno 2 milijonov znanih vrst izumrlo v zadnjih 500 letih.

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