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Meduze: Zanimive morske cvetače v slovenskem in hrvaškem morju

V zadnjih dneh kopalci in potapljači poročajo o številnih opažanjih meduz, ki zaradi svojega videza spominjajo na jajce na oko.

Morske cvetače se v večjem številu pojavljajo ob slovenski obali, o srečanjih z njimi pa poročajo tudi s številnih delov hrvaške obale.

Morska cvetača (Cotylorhiza tuberculata) je najbolj značilnih meduz Sredozemskega morja. Prozoren klobuk z izrazito rumeno kupolo na sredini je zelo podoben ocvrtemu jajcu, zato jo v številnih jezikih poznajo prav kot meduzo »jajce na oko«.

Klobuk odraslih osebkov običajno meri med 20 in 35 centimetri, pri večjih primerkih pa lahko preseže tudi 40 centimetrov. Zaradi velikosti in značilne rumene sredine je ena najbolj opaznih meduz v Jadranskem morju.

Brez dolgih lovk in s šibkimi ožigalkami

Za razliko od številnih drugih meduz morska cvetača nima dolgih, visečih lovk. Namesto njih ima osem razvejanih ustnih krakov, ki spominjajo na cvetačo ali šopek morskih koral. Prav zaradi te nenavadne oblike jo je v morju precej enostavno prepoznati.

Po podatkih Morske biološke postaje Piran in drugih sredozemskih raziskovalcev morska cvetača za človeka praviloma ni nevarna. Njene ožigalke so precej šibkejše kot pri večini drugih meduz, zato stik pri večini ljudi ne povzroči ničesar ali le blago draženje kože. Kljub temu velja, da se je ne dotikamo.

Plavajoče zavetje za mlade ribe

Pod njenim klobukom pogosto plavajo jate mladih rib, predvsem šnjurov. Ribe med njenimi razvejanimi kraki najdejo zaščito pred plenilci, zato morska cvetača v morju deluje kot nekakšno plavajoče skrivališče oziroma vrtec za mladice.

Morska cvetača je zanimiva tudi zato, ker v njenih tkivih živijo mikroskopske alge. Te s fotosintezo proizvajajo hranila, od katerih ima korist tudi meduza. Gre za primer simbioze, podobne tisti, ki jo poznamo pri koralah.

Pomemben del morskega ekosistema

Čeprav marsikdo meduze dojema kot nezaželene obiskovalke morja, imajo pomembno vlogo v morskem ekosistemu.

So hrana nekaterim morskim želvam in ribam, hkrati pa nudijo zatočišče številnim mladim ribam ter so del naravnega ravnovesja morja.

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