Avtor VB | Foto: stock.adobe.com 10:47 dop AKTUALNO

Morske nevarnosti Jadrana: Vse več opažanj morskega oreha na severu Hrvaške

Hrvaški mediji v zadnjih tednih vse pogosteje poročajo o opažanjih vrste Mnemiopsis leidyi, invazivnega rebrača, ki ga zaradi videza kopalci pogosto zamenjajo za meduzo.

Strokovnjaki pravijo, da ne gre za nevarnost za kopalce, lahko pa morski oreh oz rebrač močno vpliva na morski ekosistem in ribolov.

Ni meduza, ampak invazivni rebrač

Mnemiopsis leidyi, znan tudi kot morski oreh ali ameriški rebrač, izvira z atlantske obale Severne in Južne Amerike. V evropske vode je najverjetneje prispel z balastnimi vodami ladij, v zadnjih dveh desetletjih pa se je razširil po Črnem, Sredozemskem in Jadranskem morju.

Danes velja za eno najbolj problematičnih invazivnih morskih vrst na svetu.

Telo živali je prozorno, ovalno in želatinasto. Ob premikanju se po telesu svetlikajo mavrični odsevi, zaradi česar jo številni zamenjajo za meduzo.

V Jadranu morski oreh prisoten že dve desetletji

Prvič so ga v Tržaškem zalivu in severnem Jadranu zabeležili leta 2005. Od leta 2016 dalje raziskovalci opažajo njegovo redno pojavljanje, predvsem od julija do novembra, ko se lahko njegova številčnost močno poveča.

Ob obali Istre so zabeležili večkilometrske jate, gostota pa je na nekaterih območjih dosegla tudi 270 osebkov na kvadratni meter.

stock.adobe.com

Zakaj je morski oreh problematičen?

Ameriški rebrač je izjemno učinkovit plenilec planktona. Hrani se z:

  • zooplanktonom,
  • ličinkami školjk,
  • ribjimi jajčeci,
  • ribjimi ličinkami,
  • drugimi drobnimi morskimi organizmi.

S tem lahko močno vpliva na prehransko verigo. Raziskave v severnem Jadranu so pokazale, da se je na območjih z velikimi koncentracijami rebrača zmanjšala številčnost sardonov in drugega ribjega zaroda.

V Črnem morju je invazija te vrste v osemdesetih letih povzročila drastičen upad populacij nekaterih gospodarsko pomembnih rib, zaradi česar se Mnemiopsis leidyi pogosto navaja kot primer, kako lahko ena invazivna vrsta spremeni celoten morski ekosistem.

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