Avtor VB | Foto stock.adobe.com 7:30 dop OKOLJE

V zraku, zemlji in vodi po Evropi še vedno že desetletja prepovedane kemikalije

Nova obsežna raziskava kaže, kako dolgo lahko posledice uporabe obstojnih kemikalij ostanejo v okolju.

Raziskovalci so kemikalije odkrili v zraku, vodi, zemlji, sedimentih, kanalizacijskem blatu ter celo v snegu in firnu.

Gre za polibromirane difenil etre oziroma PBDE, skupino zaviralcev gorenja, ki so jih desetletja uporabljali v elektroniki, pohištvu, tekstilu, plastiki, vozilih in gradbenih materialih.

Zaradi njihove obstojnosti, kopičenja v organizmih in škodljivih učinkov so njihovo uporabo v Evropi postopoma močno omejili.

Toda kemikalije s prepovedjo niso kar izginile

V sistematičnem pregledu, objavljenem ta mesec v znanstveni reviji Environmental Research, so raziskovalci analizirali 181 recenziranih študij o prisotnosti PBDE v evropskem okolju.

Rezultat je pokazal, da so te kemikalije kljub dolgoletnim omejitvam še vedno razširjene po Evropi.

Kot ugotavljajo avtorji raziskave, so sedimenti, blato in nekatere vrste tal pomembni rezervoarji teh onesnaževal. Največje obremenitve so praviloma zaznali v urbanih in industrijskih okoljih ter na območjih, povezanih z odpadnimi vodami in ravnanjem z odpadki.

Onesnaženje pa ni omejeno le na takšna območja. PBDE so v nižjih koncentracijah zaznali tudi v oddaljenih alpskih, arktičnih in drugih manj obremenjenih okoljih.

Problem so tudi stare stvari okoli nas

Raziskava v Environmental Research kot enega od razlogov za vztrajanje onesnaženja izpostavlja stare izdelke in materiale, ki še vedno vsebujejo PBDE.

Kemikalije so lahko prisotne v stari elektroniki, pohištvu, gradbenih materialih in drugih izdelkih, narejenih v času, ko je bila njihova uporaba dovoljena. V okolje lahko nato ponovno prehajajo prek odpadkov, recikliranja, odpadnih voda in drugih poti.

Avtorji sicer ugotavljajo, da so nekatere raziskave zaznale upad koncentracij, predvsem v zraku in tleh. Toda nadaljnje odkrivanje PBDE kaže, kako dolgo lahko obstojna onesnaževala ostanejo del okolja tudi po uvedbi omejitev.

Kot sklenejo raziskovalci, so PBDE zaradi svoje obstojnosti in nadaljnjega sproščanja iz starih virov še vedno okoljsko pomembna onesnaževala v Evropi.

Ob tem še vedno čakamo EU, da prepove še eno skupino večnih kemikalij.

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