10:36 dop OKOLJE

Čmrljem ekstremni vremenski pogoji preprečujejo letenje in opraševanje

Znanstveniki opozarjajo, da bi vse pogostejši ekstremni vremenski pogoji, lahko vplivali na opraševanje, ki ga opravljajo žuželke.

Raziskovalna skupina z Imperial College London je izmerila motivacijo čmrljev za letenje in njihovo vzdržljivost letenja. Ugotovili so, da se je zmogljivost hitro dvignila od spodnje preizkušene meje 12 °C in dosegla vrhunec med 25 in 27 °C.

Temperature imajo pomembno vlogo pri letenju

Ekipa je dejala, da njihovi rezultati kažejo, da lahko čmrljem, ki jih najdemo v severnejših zemljepisnih širinah, segrevanje podnebja koristi. A na drugi strani lahko to negativno vpliva na populacije v južnejših zemljepisnih širinah, kjer temperature pogosto presežejo 27 °C. Temperatura je zelo pomemben dejavnik pri določanju, kako dobro žuželke letijo. Ob prehladnih razmerah mišice za letenje čmrljev ne morejo delovati dovolj hitro, da bi podpirale let. Pri previsokih temperaturah pa se lahko pregrejejo.

Čmrlji ne marajo niti vročih niti prehladnih dni

Raziskave so pokazale, da lahko čmrlji po svojem toplotnem optimumu letijo okoli 3 km, bi se pa ta povprečna razdalja letenja lahko znižala na manj kot 1 km, ko se temperature dvignejo na 35 °C, in bi lahko padla na le nekaj sto metrov pri hladnih 10 °C. Pri temperaturah 15 °C in manj je ekipa dejala, da v raziskavi sodelujoči čmrlji niso bili motivirani za letenje, če pa so leteli, to ni bilo več kot 100 metrov. Še več, pri teh nizkih temperaturah so uspešno leteli le večji čmrlji, kar kaže, da manjši posamezniki ne marajo hladnih dni.

 

Vir: Independent

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